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Study Guide for exam two.  This is a guide to next week’s exam and a guide to your take home essay.  Make sure to scroll through all of it.  The essay guide is at the end (only for JSCC classes).  The multiple choice section will probably be scantron so please bring a # 2 pencil.

Scientific Revolution (chapter 16)

Contrast the Copernican Revolution with the science of Ptolemy

How did religion authorities react to the new science and why?

Know the contributions of:  Brahe, Kepler, Galileo, Newton, Descarte, Bacon

Why is Descarte such a revolutionary kind of thinker?

Enlightenment (chapter 17)

What was the main focus on the Enlightenment?

Know the contributions of:  Voltaire, Montesquieu, Smith, Locke (also review his political ideas (Second Treatise on Government, chapter 15), Diderot and the Encylopedia project, Spinoza, Pascal.

What effect did the Enlightenment have on religion? 

How did religion respond?  What about John Wesley and the Pietist movement?

What was going on in popular culture at the time – The Carnival

What were the literary and artistic contributions at the time?  Think mainly of Moilere and Mozart.

Social Orders (chapter 18)

Know the basic breakdown of 18^th century society:  nobility, peasantry, middle class

French Revolution and Napoleon (chapter 19)

Connect the Enlightenment to the American Revolution and French Revolution

What was French society like on the eve of the French Revolution?

Why was their a meeting of the Estates General beginning in May 1789?

Who was Abbe Sieyes and what did he argue?

What was the issue over voting?  Why did it matter?

How did Louis XVI respond?  How did the Estates General respond?

How did the common people become involved in the revolution:  think about the Bastille and Great Fear.

How did feudal dues get abolished?

What was the Declaration of the Rights of Man?  Why was there a Declaration of the Rights of Woman?

What was the Civil Constitution of the Clergy?  Why did it happen?

What were the characteristics of the Constitution of 1791?

Why did the Revolution turn radical in late 1792?  What was the Declaration of Pillnitz?

What danger did the emigree population pose for the Revolution?

What political party and faction was most involved in the radical part of the Revolution?

What was the de-Christianization program?  Why did it happen?

What was the Reign of Terror?  Why did it happen?  What were the consequences?

Who was Robespierre?  What role did he play in the Revolution? 

Why is the Revolution the beginning of French nationalism?  What are examples of French nationalism?

What was the Thermidorean Reaction?  Why did it take place?

What was the Directory?  What problems did it face?

How did Napoleon move up so rapidly within the French military?

Know the key events connected with Napoleon:  early life; saving the Directory; commander of French army in Italy; invasion of Egypt; successful coup of Directory; new government of 1795 – the Consulate; First Consul; First Consul for Life; emperor of France in 1804; Concordat of 1801; the Continental System; Napoleon’s invasion of Russia and results; defeat and exile.

JSCC classes – essay question to be completed at home and turned in day of test.  This essay should be typed, double spaced, and approximately two pages.  It needs to be long enough to adequately address the question.

Essay Question:  The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment were closely connected intellectual movement which had important intellectual movements with significant implications for Western Civilization.  Discuss.

I.                    Introduction.  What are you arguing here.

II.                 Body of the essay.  Points to include:

A.     The Scientific Revolution.  What was it attempting to do?

1.      Reason and rationality to understand our world

2.      Choose a couple of scientists who were significant here

B.     The Enlightenment.  What was it all about?  Connect it to the Scientific Revolution in relation to reason and rationality

1.      Choose only two fields from the following four in which Enlightened ideas are well articulated.  Discuss everyone/everything in each of the two fields that you select.

a.       Government:  Rousseau, Social Contract; Locke, Second Treatise on Government

b.      Religion:  Voltaire; Bayle; Travel literature; Deism

c.       Criminal Justice:  Becarrie; Bretonne, The Broken Man

d.      The Arts:  Moliere, Tartuffe; Mozart, Marriage of Figaro

C.     American and French Revolutions & Napoleon

1.      What is it about these revolutions and Napoleon that illustrate the successful application of enlightened ideas? Make sure that you connect this part with what you write in B.